Requirements for the creation
of a will:
Any
person over the age of majority (an adult) can draft
their own will without the aid of an attorney. Additional
requirements may vary, depending on the jurisdiction,
but every will must contain the following:
1.)
The testator must clearly identify himself or herself
as the maker of the will, and that a will is being made;
this is commonly called "publication" of the
will, and is typically satisfied by the words "last
will and testament" on the face of the document.
2.)
The testator must declare that he or she revokes all
previously-made wills and codicils. Otherwise, a subsequently-made
will revokes earlier wills and codicils only to the
extent that they are inconsistent. However, if a subsequent
will is completely inconsistent with an earlier one,
that earlier will be considered completely revoked by
implication.
3.)
The testator must demonstrate that he or she has the
capacity to dispose of his or her property, and does
so freely and willingly.
4.)
The testator must sign and date the will, usually in
the presence of at least two disinterested witnesses
(persons who are not beneficiaries). In some jurisdictions,
for example, Kentucky Revised Statutes § 394.210(2)
(2006). the spouse of a beneficiary is also considered
an interested witness. In the USA, Pennsylvania is the
only state which does not require the signing of the
will to be witnessed.
5.)
The testator's signature must be placed at the end of
the will. If this is not observed, any text following
the signature will be ignored, or the entire will may
be invalidated if what comes after the signature is
so material that ignoring it would defeat the testator's
intentions.
After
the testator has died, a probate proceeding may be initiated
in court to determine the validity of the will or wills
that the testator may have created, i.e., which will
satisfied the legal requirements, and to appoint an
executor. If the will is ruled invalid in probate, then
inheritance will occur under the laws of intestacy as
if a will were never drafted.
There
is no legal requirement that a will be drawn up by a
lawyer, although there are pitfalls into which home-made
wills can fall. The person who makes a will is not available
to explain him or herself, or to correct any technical
deficiency or error in expression, when it comes into
effect on that person's death, and so there is little
room for mistake. A common error (for example) in the
execution of home-made wills in England is to use a
beneficiary (typically a spouse or other close family
members) as a witness -- although this has the effect
in law of disinheriting the witness regardless of the
provisions of the will.
Some
states recognize a holographic will, made out entirely
in the testator's own hand. A minority of states even
recognize the validity of nuncupative wills, which are
expressed orally. In England, the formalities of wills
are relaxed for soldiers who express their wishes on
active service.
A
will may not include a requirement that an heir commit
an illegal, immoral, or other act against public policy
as a condition of receipt. In community property jurisdictions,
a will cannot be used to disinherit a surviving spouse,
who is entitled to at least a portion of the testator's
estate. In England, a will may disinherit a spouse,
but close relations excluded from a will (including
but not limited to spouses) may apply to the court for
provision to be made for them at the court's discretion.
It
is a good idea that the testator give his executor the
power to pay debts, taxes, and administration expenses
(probate, etc.). Warren Burger's will did not contain
this, which wound up costing his estate thousands. This
is not a consideration in English law, which provides
that all such expenses will fall on the estate in any
case.
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DISCLAIMER:
This
web site is designed to give you general information.
The information on this web site is in no way intended
to be legal advice. Legal advice can only be obtained
by a licensed attorney who has the appropriate legal
skills and knowledge related to your specific circumstances